Introduction
Objectives
At the end o f this topic, the participant should be able to:
- List five management principles formulated by F.W Taylor;
- Discuss two results of the human relations movement.
- Differentiate between the human relations movement and the social sciences.
Learning Activites
Activity1: Scientific Management
The theory of scientific management is the “brainchild” of Frederick Winslow Taylor. In its simplest form the theory is the belief that there is “one best way” to do a job and scientific methods can be used to determine that “one best way”.
Taylor formulated scientific management principles, Read the link below on these principles.
- Fredrick Taylor's principle of scientific management theory
- Scientific management
- Principles of scientific management
Your tasks
Congratulations on successfully reading Taylor's management principles ,i hope you have noted them down on you journal. Answer the following questions based on your reading.
Questions
- State two reasons why the times study principle suggested by Taylor is important to an administrator today.
- List and discuss three ways in which Taylor’s principles might help you become an effective’s school administrator.
- State two reasons why the times study principle suggested by F.Taylor is important to an administrator today.
Activity 2: Bureaucratic Approach
Weber's bureaucratic approach considers the organization as a part of broader society. The organization is based on the principles of:
· structure;
· specialization;
· predictability and stability;
· rationality; and
· democracy.
· specialization;
· predictability and stability;
· rationality; and
· democracy.
Discuss Weber's bureaucratic approach. Observe that this approach is considered rigid, impersonal, self-perpetuating and empire building.
Post your discussions in the topic 2 discussion forum.Read on the provided activity resources below, this will guide your discusion.
Activity 3: Henri Fayol - Administration
Fayol believed that management had five principle roles: to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control. Forecasting and planning was the act of anticipating the future and acting accordingly. Organization was the development of the institution's resources, both material and human. Commanding was keeping the institution’s actions and processes running. Co-ordination was the alignment and harmonization of the groups’ efforts. Finally, control meant that the above activities were performed in accordance with appropriate rules and procedures.
Fayol developed fourteen principles of administration to go along with management’s five primary roles. These principles are enumerated in the activity resources.
Your task
With relevant examples, briefly explain how Fayol's management principles can be applied at school level.
Summarize your findings in the topic 2 assignment box
Activity Resources
The human relations movement stems from the work of Elton Mayo and the Hawthorne experiments. It argues that people are not just logical decision makers but have needs for creativity, support, recognition and self-affirmation.
The movement is in direct opposition to Scientific Management, which concentrates upon the task and not the person. It is important to remember that the Human Relations movement was a creature of its time. While its insights continue to be a great value, the movement's most important accomplishment was in providing a counter-balance to previous theories of management. Its value today may be similar. The movement contained some of the great names in management and was a form of golden age.
Pre-eminent among its researchers - and many were experimental as well as organisation and clinical psychologists - were Kurt Lewin, Ronald Lippitt, Rensis Likert, Carroll Shartle and Douglas McGregor. Other major figures came just a little later and include Carl Rogers, Chris Argyris, Ed Schein and Peter Drucker.
Pre-eminent among its researchers - and many were experimental as well as organisation and clinical psychologists - were Kurt Lewin, Ronald Lippitt, Rensis Likert, Carroll Shartle and Douglas McGregor. Other major figures came just a little later and include Carl Rogers, Chris Argyris, Ed Schein and Peter Drucker.
Your task
From your notes on scientific management movement and human relations movement, list four diffrences between those two approaches.
Activity 4 resources
The exact date of when the behavioral science, or human relations, movement came into being is difficult to identify; however, it was not until the second half of the nineteenth century that much attention was paid to workers' needs, since there was little understanding of how those needs affect total worker productivity. Prior to that time, most managers viewed workers as a device that could be bought and sold like any other possession. Long hours, low wages, and miserable working conditions were the realities of the average worker's life.
To futher understand this read the provided resources, ensure to take note on the application of this theory in a school setup.
Procedure
Read on the social science movement in the provided resources on management theory by Dr. Stephen W. Hartman.
Your task
Do you agree with the view by Chester Benard that both the scientific movement approach and the human relations approach should be discarded? Give reasons for your answer.
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Summary
Lecture 1Summary
LECTURE 2
